would za navike u prošlosti
Ukratko
| used to | would | |
|---|---|---|
| ponavljana radnja | We used to play outside. | We would play outside. |
| negacija | We didn't use to ... | We wouldn't ... |
| stanje (be, have, live, know) | I used to be shy. | ne može |
would + osnovni oblik (nikad would played), isti za sva lica. Prvo postavi prošlost (past simple ili used to), pa nastavi sa would. Srpsko imali smo / živeli smo / bio sam ide sa used to.
B1 · Lekcija 4 · would za ponavljane radnje u prošlosti
Detaljno objašnjenje iz lekcije u kojoj se ovo pravilo uči
Ovo već postoji u srpskom. Kad pričamo o detinjstvu, za radnju koja se ponavljala često uzimamo potencijal: Leti bismo ustajali rano i kupali se u jezeru. Uveče bi nam baka pričala priče. Engleski radi isto sa would. Priča obično počne sa used to, a nastavi se sa would: When I was small, we used to spend every summer at my grandmother's. We would get up early and swim in the lake. Obe rečenice opisuju nešto što se ponavljalo, a would samo tera priču dalje i zvuči malo više kao pripovedanje.
Oblik
| Upotreba | Oblik | Primer |
|---|---|---|
| Repeated action | would + base form | We would play outside until dark. |
| Short form | 'd + base form | We'd walk to school together. |
| Negative | wouldn't (would not) + base form | My brother wouldn't eat his vegetables. |
| With a time expression | would + base form, with every ..., on ..., always, often, sometimes | On Sundays we would visit our cousins. |
Ovde se srpski i engleski razilaze. U srpskom posle bi dolazi glagolski pridev radni (igrali, jeo, pričala), a on već nosi prošlost, rod i broj. U engleskom prošlost nosi samo would, a glagol posle njega ostaje u osnovnom obliku: We would play outside until dark, nikad would played.
Pravilo 1: prvo postavi prošlost
would ne može sam da otvori priču. U tome je isti kao srpsko bi: ni Uveče bi nam baka pričala priče ne zvuči prirodno kao prva rečenica. Slušalac prvo mora da zna da je reč o prošlosti. To mu kaže rečenica u past simple (When I was ten, ...), rečenica sa used to ili jasan izraz za prošlo vreme (As a child, ..., Every summer when we were kids, ...). Posle toga svaka nova navika može da dobije would.
- Dobro: When we were kids, we lived near a river. We would fish there every weekend.
- Čudno kao prva rečenica: We would fish there every weekend. (Kada? Slušalac to još ne zna.)
Pravilo 2: samo radnje, nikad stanja
Srpski za navike iz detinjstva i za stanja uzima isti oblik, nesvršeni perfekat: Igrali smo se u bašti. Imali smo psa. Živeli smo na selu. Engleski ih razdvaja. used to važi za obe vrste: za radnje koje su se ponavljale (play, visit, walk, read, climb) i za stanja koja su neko vreme bila istina (be, have, live, know, like, love, own). would važi samo za radnje. Za stanje moraš da uzmeš used to (ili past simple). Ista granica postoji i kod srpskog potencijala: imali bismo psa ne znači „nekad smo imali psa“.
| Vrsta glagola | used to | would |
|---|---|---|
| Action: play, visit, walk | We used to play in the garden. (correct) | We would play in the garden. (correct) |
| State: be | I used to be very shy. (correct) | I would be very shy. (wrong) |
| State: have | We used to have a dog. (correct) | We would have a dog. (wrong) |
| State: live | They used to live on a farm. (correct) | They would live on a farm. (wrong) |
| State: know | I used to know every tree in the park. (correct) | I would know every tree in the park. (wrong) |
Ovde ćeš najčešće grešiti: srpsko imali smo, živeli smo, bio sam, znao sam lako prevedeš sa would. Za te glagole uzmi used to. Brzi test: da li ima smisla posle glagola dodati again and again ili every day? We played in the garden every day ima smisla, pa je would u redu. We had a dog every day nema smisla. To je stanje, pa ide used to.
used to i would zajedno
Kod radnji would i used to znače isto, pa ih možeš zameniti: My grandfather used to tell us stories = My grandfather would tell us stories. Tipična priča postavi scenu sa used to (ili sa past simple), a detalje nastavi sa would.
Samo used to kaže da nešto više ne važi. Ako hoćeš da naglasiš da je navika prestala, uzmi used to: I used to walk to school, but now I take the bus.
Proveri znanje
3 od 14 pitanja koja ova lekcija postavlja u aplikaciji. Upiši oblik ili izaberi odgovor.
When we were kids, every summer we ___ swim in the lake before breakfast.
As a child, I ___ my bike to the lake every afternoon.
When I lived with my grandmother, she ___ me to the market on Saturdays.
Primeri iz kursa
Označena je reč na koju se pravilo odnosi. Pritisni dugme za reprodukciju da čuješ rečenicu.
When he was little, my brother wouldn't eat his vegetables.
Kad je bio mali, moj brat nije hteo da jede povrće.
My parents both worked late, so we'd make our own dinner after school.
Roditelji su oboje radili do kasno, pa bismo posle škole sami pravili večeru.
When we stayed at the seaside, we wouldn't go to bed before midnight.
Kad smo odsedali na moru, ne bismo išli u krevet pre ponoći.
We didn't use to have a car, so we would go everywhere by bike.
Nismo imali auto, pa bismo svuda išli biciklom.
My grandfather used to tell us stories, and he would always make them up himself.
Deda nam je pričao priče, a uvek bi ih sam izmišljao.
My grandparents used to own a small shop, and I would help them at weekends.
Moji baka i deka su nekada imali malu radnju, a ja bih im pomagao vikendom.
My mum was very strict, and she wouldn't let us watch television on school nights.
Mama je bila vrlo stroga i nije nam dozvoljavala da gledamo televiziju radnim danima uveče.
Grandma used to bake bread on Saturdays, and she would always give me the first slice.
Baka je subotom pekla hleb, a meni bi uvek davala prvo parče.
When we were kids, we lived near a river, and we would fish there every weekend.
Kad smo bili deca, živeli smo pored reke i tamo bismo pecali svakog vikenda.
I was a stubborn child, and I wouldn't say sorry even when my parents scolded me.
Bio sam tvrdoglavo dete i nisam hteo da kažem izvini ni kad bi me roditelji grdili.
Rečenica sa ovim pravilom u kursu: 24
Probaj i ti
Prevedi rečenicu sa ovim pravilom. Kao i u aplikaciji, provera će označiti reč u kojoj je greška i reći koje pravilo je prekršeno.
Rečenice
Napiši na engleskom
Kad je bio mali, moj brat nije hteo da jede povrće.
koristi wouldn't