Treći kondicional
Ukratko
| Deo | Oblik |
|---|---|
| if-rečenica | if + had (not) + past participle |
| posledica | would / could / might (not) have + past participle |
| pitanje | would + subjekat + have + past participle? |
If I'd seen the ice, I wouldn't have fallen. would = sigurno, could = bilo je moguće, might = možda. Bez would u if-rečenici. Za prošlost ne ide samo would + glagol, kao ni If I knew.
B1 · Lekcija 17 · Treći kondicional (third conditional)
Detaljno objašnjenje iz lekcije u kojoj se ovo pravilo uči
Za prošlost koja se nije desila srpski kaže da sam znao, došao bih. Obe polovine su neistinite: nisam znao i nisam došao. Engleski za to ima poseban obrazac, treći kondicional (third conditional). Njegovo if ovde ne znači ako, nego odgovara srpskom da: uvodi zamišljeni uslov u prošlosti. Uporedi:
- Stvarna prošlost: I didn't see the ice, so I fell.
- Zamišljena prošlost: If I had seen the ice, I wouldn't have fallen.
Kako se gradi
| Deo | Oblik | Primer |
|---|---|---|
| if-rečenica (zamišljeni uslov) | if + had + past participle | if she had looked |
| posledica | would have + past participle | she would have seen the car |
| blaža, manje sigurna posledica | could have / might have + past participle | she might have stopped in time |
Past participle je treći oblik glagola (seen, broken, been). U if-rečenici je past perfect iz lekcije 3: had + treći oblik (had left, had seen). Ako je glavni glagol i sam have, dobije se had had. To nije greška. U posledici stoji would have + treći oblik (would have caught). U govoru se i had i would skraćuju u 'd: If I'd known, I'd have called you.
Srpsko da sam znao je u perfektu, pa navodi na prosto prošlo vreme. Ne prevodi ga sa If I knew, jer je to drugi kondicional (sadašnjost). Za prošlost stavi had + treći oblik: If I had known. Ne stavljaj ni would u if-rečenicu: would ide samo u posledicu.
Srpski isti potencijal koristi i za sadašnjost i za prošlost: da imam auto, vozio bih i da sam imao auto, vozio bih. Engleski ih razdvaja. Za sadašnjost stoji If I had a car, I would drive, a za prošlost If I had had a car, I would have driven. Kad bih govori o prošlosti, napiši would have + treći oblik, nikad samo would + glagol.
Potvrdni, odrični i upitni oblik
| Tip | Primer | Šta se stvarno desilo |
|---|---|---|
| potvrdni | If you had driven more slowly, you would have stopped in time. | You drove fast and didn't stop in time. |
| odrični | If he hadn't been so tired, he wouldn't have made that mistake. | He was tired and made the mistake. |
| upitni | What would you have done if the brakes had failed? | The brakes didn't fail. |
Odrično: not ide posle had ili posle would, dakle hadn't + treći oblik ili wouldn't have + treći oblik. Odrična može biti bilo koja polovina ili obe. Pitanje: would ide ispred subjekta, pa se dobije Would you have called the police? ili What would you have done?
would have, could have, might have
| Posledica | Značenje | Primer |
|---|---|---|
| would have | govornik je siguran kakva bi bila posledica | If I had worn a helmet, I would have been fine. |
| could have | bilo je moguće; neko je bio u stanju | If we had called sooner, the doctor could have saved him. |
| might have | možda; govornik nije siguran | If she had been more careful, she might have avoided the accident. |
Srpsko mogao sam (a nisam) ne prevodi se samo sa could + glagol. Could + glagol u prošlosti znači opštu sposobnost (I could swim = znao sam da plivam). Za propuštenu mogućnost stoji could have + treći oblik: I could have helped = mogao sam da pomognem (a nisam). Posle svakog have ide treći oblik: would have broken, ne would have broke ni would have break.
If-rečenica može doći prva (sa zarezom) ili druga (bez zareza), a značenje je isto: If I'd checked the mirror, I'd have seen him = I'd have seen him if I'd checked the mirror.
Proveri znanje
6 od 14 pitanja koja ova lekcija postavlja u aplikaciji. Upiši oblik ili izaberi odgovor.
If he ___ the warning, he wouldn't have crashed.
If I ___ about the ice, I would have warned you.
If you had told me, I ___ you.
If we had left earlier, we would have(catch) the train.
If the car had stopped, the boy wouldn't have(break) his leg.
Would you have(buy) a new bike if the insurance had paid?
Primeri iz kursa
Označena je reč na koju se pravilo odnosi. Pritisni dugme za reprodukciju da čuješ rečenicu.
What would have happened if nobody had been there?
Šta bi se dogodilo da tamo nikoga nije bilo?
Would you have stopped if you had seen the sign?
Da li bi stao da si video znak?
If I'd checked my mirror, I'd have noticed the motorbike.
Da sam proverio retrovizor, primetio bih motocikl.
If I had seen the ice, I wouldn't have fallen.
Da sam video led, ne bih pao.
Could the driver have stopped if he had braked earlier?
Da je vozač ranije pritisnuo kočnicu, da li je mogao da stane?
What would you have done if the brakes had failed?
Šta bi ti uradio da su kočnice otkazale?
If we had called sooner, the doctor could have saved him.
Da smo ranije pozvali, doktor je mogao da ga spase.
If you had driven more slowly, you would have stopped in time.
Da si vozio sporije, stao bi na vreme.
Would your insurance have paid if the other driver had admitted it?
Da li bi vaše osiguranje platilo da je drugi vozač to priznao?
If I hadn't been so distracted, would I have scratched your car?
Da nisam bio toliko rasejan, da li bih ogrebao tvoj auto?
Rečenica sa ovim pravilom u kursu: 25
Probaj i ti
Prevedi rečenicu sa ovim pravilom. Kao i u aplikaciji, provera će označiti reč u kojoj je greška i reći koje pravilo je prekršeno.
Rečenice
Napiši na engleskom
Šta bi se dogodilo da tamo nikoga nije bilo?