Prenošenje tuđih reči i pomeranje vremena
Ukratko
| Rečeno | Preneto (posle said / told me) |
|---|---|
| am / is / live | was / lived |
| am having | was having |
| met | had met |
| will call | would call |
| can come | could come |
| today | that day |
|---|---|
| tomorrow | the next day |
| yesterday | the day before |
| next week | the following week |
| now / here / this | then / there / that |
Srpski zadržava vreme (rekao je da je umoran, da će doći), a engleski ga pomera korak unazad. I/you → he/she/I, prema novom govorniku. say ide bez osobe, tell sa osobom. that može da se izostavi.
B1 · Lekcija 20 · Prenošenje tuđih reči
Detaljno objašnjenje iz lekcije u kojoj se ovo pravilo uči
Kad prenosiš šta je neko rekao, i srpski i engleski menjaju zamenice. Razlika je u glagolu. Tom u petak kaže: „Umoran sam.” U subotu ti na srpskom kažeš Tom je rekao da je umoran: glagol ostaje u prezentu. Na engleskom ide Tom said he was tired: I je postalo he, ali je i am postalo was. Ovo se zove reported speech (neupravni govor).
Jedan korak unazad
Kad je glagol kojim prenosiš u prošlom vremenu (said, told me), glagol iz izrečenog pomera se jedan korak unazad u prošlost. Ovo se zove backshift (slaganje vremena). U srpskom ga nema, pa je ovde tvoja najčešća greška: ostaviš vreme kakvo je bilo, kao što bi uradio na srpskom. Uči ga kao parove.
| Šta je rečeno | Kako to prenosiš |
|---|---|
| present simple: "I live near the park." | past simple: She said she lived near the park. |
| present continuous: "I'm having a party." | past continuous: He said he was having a party. |
| past simple: "I met him at school." | past perfect: She said she had met him at school. |
| will: "I'll call you." | would: He said he would call me. |
| can: "I can come." | could: She said she could come. |
Srpsko rekao je da će doći zadržava će, ali engleski ne zadržava will: posle said ide would. Isto važi za mogu → could, a ne can. Kad prevodiš rečenicu sa rekao je da…, prvo pomeri glagol jedan korak unazad, pa tek onda prevodi.
Odrične forme se pomeraju na isti način: don't postaje didn't, isn't postaje wasn't, won't postaje wouldn't, can't postaje couldn't, a didn't postaje hadn't. "I won't tell anyone" → She said she wouldn't tell anyone.
Past simple prelazi u past perfect (had + particip): "I met her yesterday" → He said he had met her the day before. Srpski za ovo koristi običan perfekat (rekao je da ju je upoznao), a pluskvamperfekat (bio je upoznao) skoro nikad. Zato ti had met neće doći sam od sebe, a u engleskom je ovde potpuno uobičajen. U opuštenom govoru čućeš i He said he met her the day before, ali je had met uvek tačno i to je oblik koji ovde vežbaš.
said ili told
- Srpsko reći pokriva oba glagola. Izbor zavisi od toga da li pominješ osobu kojoj je nešto rečeno.
- say nema osobu posle sebe: She said (that) she was busy.
- tell uvek traži osobu: She told me (that) she was busy. Srpsko rekla mi je zato postaje told me, nikad She said me.
- that je srpsko da, ali dok se da ne može izostaviti, that može: He said that he was late = He said he was late.
Zamenice i reči za vreme
Zamenice menjaš isto kao na srpskom, prema tome ko sada govori. Ana ti kaže: "I like your friends." Ti prenosiš: Anna said she liked my friends. I → she, your → my.
Reči za vreme i mesto se takođe pomeraju, jer dan kad je nešto rečeno više nije danas. Logika je ista kao u srpskom sutra → sutradan, samo što engleski ima stalne parove:
| Rekli su | Ti prenosiš |
|---|---|
| today | that day |
| tonight | that night |
| tomorrow | the next day / the following day |
| yesterday | the day before / the previous day |
| next week | the following week |
| last week | the week before |
| now | then |
| here | there |
| this | that |
"I'm meeting Sam tomorrow." → He said he was meeting Sam the next day.
Ako je ono što je rečeno i dalje tačno, smeš da zadržiš prvobitno vreme: She said she lives in Rome (i dalje živi tamo). To nije greška, ali pomereni oblik je uvek tačan i njega ovde vežbaš. Nemoj da prevodiš doslovno sa srpskog i ostavljaš prezent samo zato što ga srpski tu stavlja.
Proveri znanje
6 od 16 pitanja koja ova lekcija postavlja u aplikaciji. Upiši oblik ili izaberi odgovor.
"I live with three flatmates." → Kim said she(live) with three flatmates.
"I feel nervous about the party." → Sam said he(feel) nervous about the party.
"I don't like loud parties." → He said he ___ like loud parties.
"I'm planning a picnic." → She said she ___ a picnic.
"We're having dinner with friends." → They said they(be) having dinner with friends.
"I met Jo at a concert." → Ella said she ___ Jo at a concert.
Primeri iz kursa
Označena je reč na koju se pravilo odnosi. Pritisni dugme za reprodukciju da čuješ rečenicu.
She said she could come.
Rekla je da može da dođe.
Tom said he was tired.
Tom je rekao da je umoran.
He said he would call me.
Rekao je da će me pozvati.
Anna said she liked my friends.
Ana je rekla da joj se sviđaju moji prijatelji.
She said she lived near the park.
Rekla je da živi blizu parka.
He said he was having a party.
Rekao je da priređuje žurku.
She said she had met him at school.
Rekla je da ga je upoznala u školi.
Tariq promised he would never betray my trust.
Tarik je obećao da nikada neće izneveriti moje poverenje.
Jake admitted he wasn't very sociable at parties.
Džejk je priznao da nije baš društven na žurkama.
My roommate insisted she hadn't spread the rumour.
Moja cimerka je uporno tvrdila da nije proširila glasinu.
Rečenica sa ovim pravilom u kursu: 54
Probaj i ti
Prevedi rečenicu sa ovim pravilom. Kao i u aplikaciji, provera će označiti reč u kojoj je greška i reći koje pravilo je prekršeno.
Rečenice
Napiši na engleskom
Rekla je da može da dođe.
Prenošenje u prošlosti: pomeri glagol jedan korak unazad.