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Lekcija 1 od 51Present perfect continuous: radnja koja traje do sada

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B1 · Lekcija 1 od 51

  1. 1GramatikaPresent perfect continuous
  2. 2Rečireči: 26
  3. 3Rečenicerečenica: 25
  4. 4ČitanjeTime for a change
  5. 5DijalogAn interview
  6. 6PonavljanjePonavljanje pravila i reči po rasporedu

Gramatika

Jedno pravilo sa objašnjenjem

Lekcija počinje teorijom, a zatim je proverava kvizom. Ovde su početak i 3 od 13 pitanja.

B1 · Present perfect continuous: radnja koja traje do sada

Srpski nema posebno vreme za radnju koja je počela u prošlosti i još traje: kaže se sadašnjim vremenom (Radim ovde tri godine, Radim ovde od maja). Engleski za to ima poseban oblik: I have been working here for three years. To je present perfect continuous. Sastoji se od have/has iz present perfecta, reči been, koja se nikad ne menja, i oblika na -ing iz present continuousa.

Kako se gradi

have/has + been + -ing
Subjekathave / hasbeenoblik na -ing
I / you / we / theyhave ('ve)beenworking
he / she / ithas ('s)beenworking

Menja se samo have: posle he, she i it stoji has, a svuda drugde have. been i oblik na -ing su isti za sva lica. U govoru su skraćeni oblici sasvim uobičajeni: I've been working, She's been working.

Odrična rečenica i pitanje

Kao u present perfectu, sve radi have/has. U odričnoj rečenici not ide posle njega, a u pitanju on ide ispred subjekta. been i oblik na -ing se ne pomeraju. Kratak odgovor radi kao u srpskom: na Jesi li radio? odgovaraš Jesam, bez ponavljanja glagola. Tako se i ovde staje kod have/has.

VrstaOblikPrimer
potvrdnasubjekat + have/has + been + -ingShe has been looking for a new job.
odričnasubjekat + haven't/hasn't + been + -ingI haven't been sleeping well.
da/ne pitanjeHave/Has + subjekat + been + -ing?Have you been waiting long?
kratak odgovorYes, I have. / No, she hasn't.(bez been, bez -ing)
upitna reč (wh-)upitna reč + have/has + subjekat + been + -ing?What have you been doing?
Otvori stranicu pravila →

Proveri znanje · 1 / 13

  1. He ___ as a teacher since 2015.

Reči

Nove reči

Novih reči u lekciji: 26. Svaka ima sliku, izgovor i sve oblike. Otvori oblike ili otkucaj reč da proveriš kako se piše.

advertise

advertise

oglasiti; reklamirati

glagol

objaviti oglas (i za posao)

Oblici
infinitiv: advertise · sadašnje vreme
licejedninamnožina
3.advertises—
negotiate

negotiate

pregovarati

glagol

Srpski kaže pregovarati o nečemu. U engleskom ono o čemu se pregovara stoji odmah iza glagola, bez predloga.

Oblici
infinitiv: negotiate · sadašnje vreme
licejedninamnožina
3.negotiates—
recruit

recruit

zapošljavati; regrutovati

glagol

tražiti i primati nove radnike

Oblici
infinitiv: recruit · sadašnje vreme
licejedninamnožina
3.recruits—
supervise

supervise

nadgledati; biti nadređen (nekome)

glagol
Oblici
infinitiv: supervise · sadašnje vreme
licejedninamnožina
3.supervises—
agency

agency

agencija

imenica
application

application

prijava (za posao)

imenica

zahtev za posao ili mesto

Late applications won't be accepted after the deadline.Zakasnele prijave neće se primati posle roka.

Rečenice

Rečenice

Rečenica sa novim pravilom i novim rečima: 25. Prevedi ih, a provera će pokazati u kojoj reči je greška i koje pravilo stoji iza nje.

2121/4

Rečenice

Napiši na engleskom

Ne spavam dobro.

odrečna rečenica, radnja koja traje do sada: have/has been + oblik na -ing

1 / 4

Čitanje

Čitanje

Kratak tekst samo od poznatih reči, sa zvukom i pitanjima.

Time for a change

Maria has been working as an accountant for eleven years. She has been doing the same job at the same firm since she finished university. The salary is good, and there is a bonus every year, but lately she hasn't been enjoying her work. Her manager has been giving her more and more overtime and impossible deadlines. She has been working late almost every evening since January. Her colleagues have been complaining too, but nothing has changed. Last month Maria decided it was time for a career change. Since then she has been looking for a new job. She has been updating her CV and applying for jobs in marketing. She has also been taking an evening course to get a marketing qualification. Her brother, an engineer, has been helping her with her applications. This morning she had an interview with a small company. The director asked her, "How long have you been studying marketing?" "For a few weeks," Maria answered. "And why have you been looking for a new job?" he asked. Maria told him the truth: she wants to do something new. Now she is at home, and she is very tired. She has been thinking about the interview all afternoon. Then her phone rings. It is the director, and he is offering her the job!

  1. How long has Maria been working as an accountant?

  2. What has Maria been doing since last month?

Dijalog

Dijalog

Dva glasa, replika po replika. Poslušaj, pa odgovori na pitanja.

An interview

  1. Mr Evans

    Good morning. Please sit down. Have you been waiting long?

  2. Laura

    No, not at all. Only five minutes.

  3. Mr Evans

    Good. So, tell me about your job now. What have you been doing?

  4. Laura

    I've been working as a nurse at a big hospital.

  5. Mr Evans

    How long have you been working there?

  6. Laura

    For about seven years now, since I finished my training.

  7. Mr Evans

    And why do you want to leave?

  8. Laura

    Well, I've been working night shifts for two years. I haven't been sleeping well.

  9. Mr Evans

    I understand. Have you been supervising other staff?

  10. Laura

    Yes, I have. I've been training three young nurses since March.

  11. Mr Evans

    Excellent. We've been looking for someone with that experience.

  12. Laura

    Is the position permanent?

  13. Mr Evans

    Yes, it's a permanent contract. The salary is good, there's a pension, and there's no overtime.

  14. Laura

    That sounds perfect.

  1. What has Laura been doing?

  2. How long has Laura been working night shifts?

Ponavljanje

Ponavljanje

Pravilo i reči iz ove lekcije vraćaju se po rasporedu, a ono u čemu pogrešiš vraća se ranije. Ovako bi izgledao tvoj red za ponavljanje.

Na redu

Za sada nema grešaka. Pogreši nešto u zadacima iznad i to će se ovde pojaviti prvo.

Kasnije

Lekcije nivoa B1

Lekcija na nivou B1 trenutno: 51. Ovo je bila lekcija 1. Sve lekcije imaju istih šest koraka.

  1. 1Present perfect continuous: radnja koja traje do sadaovde si
  2. 2Present perfect simple ili continuous?
  3. 3Past perfect: šta se desilo još ranije
  4. 4would za ponavljane radnje u prošlosti
  5. 5Present simple za red vožnje i raspored
  6. 6Budući trajni oblik (future continuous)
  7. 7Futur perfekat (future perfect)
  8. 8Present perfect u pasivu
  9. 9Pasiv sa modalnim glagolima
  10. 10must ili have to?
  11. 11mustn't ili don't have to?
  12. 12must, might i can't za zaključivanje
  13. 13be able to i be allowed to
  14. 14ought to i had better
  15. 15Nulti kondicional (zero conditional)
  16. 16Drugi kondicional
  17. 17Treći kondicional (third conditional)
  18. 18wish i if only — želje o sadašnjosti
  19. 19unless, as long as i in case
  20. 20Prenošenje tuđih reči
  21. 21Glagoli sa dva objekta: give her the book, explain it to me
  22. 22Prepričana pitanja
  23. 23Prenošenje naredbi i molbi
  24. 24Indirektna pitanja
  25. 25Neodređujuće odnosne rečenice
  26. 26where, when i why u odnosnim rečenicama
  27. 27Izražavanje cilja: so that i in order to
  28. 28so i such sa that (toliko … da, takav … da)
  29. 29Hoću da ti nešto uradiš: want someone to do something
  30. 30make, let i help
  31. 31-ing posle predloga
  32. 32Glagoli koji menjaju značenje: remember, stop, try
  33. 33be used to i get used to
  34. 34Kada ne stavljamo nikakav član
  35. 35both, either i neither
  36. 36another, other i the others
  37. 37all of, most of, none of: kada ide of
  38. 38every i each
  39. 39Poređenje načina na koji ljudi nešto rade
  40. 40much better, a bit cheaper
  41. 41šta da radim, gde da idem
  42. 42Redosled prideva
  43. 43Question tags (dodatna pitanja na kraju izjave)
  44. 44So do I, neither do I – i ja, ni ja
  45. 45despite, because of i even though
  46. 46Frazni glagoli i mesto objekta
  47. 47a broken window, a hidden beach: participi kao pridevi
  48. 48To-infinitiv: It takes time to do it; I'm happy to help
  49. 49for + period vremena (koliko dugo)
  50. 50Teško mi je da…: I find it hard to…; It makes it easy to…
  51. 51less time, fewer people: less ili fewer

Šta kurs trenutno sadrži

lekcija
155
gramatičkih pravila
153
reči
4.520
tema
6

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