Pasiv u prošlom vremenu
Ukratko
| Pasiv u prošlom vremenu | |
|---|---|
| jedna stvar | was + particip — It was invented in China. |
| više stvari | were + particip — They were designed by engineers. |
| odrična | wasn't / weren't + particip |
| pitanje | Was / Were + subjekat + particip? — Was it invented in Italy? |
| ko je to uradio | ... + by + vršilac — by Edison |
Srpsko je izmišljen za prošlu radnju je was, ne is. Menja se samo be (is → was, are → were), nema did, a particip se ne menja po rodu.
A2 · Lekcija 35 · Pasiv u prošlom vremenu
Detaljno objašnjenje iz lekcije u kojoj se ovo pravilo uči
U prošloj lekciji upoznali ste pasiv: Rice is grown in China. On se gradi od be + particip (treći oblik glagola). Da biste ga prebacili u prošlost, menjate samo jedno: be ide u prošlo vreme (is → was, are → were). Particip ostaje potpuno isti.
| Pasiv u sadašnjem vremenu | Pasiv u prošlom vremenu |
|---|---|
| The phone is made in China. | The phone was made in China. |
| These cars are built in Japan. | These cars were built in Japan. |
was ili were?
Birate isto kao kod prošlog vremena glagola be: was za jednu stvar, were za više njih. Za razliku od srpskog, particip se ne slaže ni u rodu ni u broju. Srpski ima izmišljen / izmišljena / izmišljeni, a engleski uvek isti oblik. Menja se samo was/were: was designed, were designed.
| Oblik | Subjekat | Primer |
|---|---|---|
| was + participle | jedna stvar (it, he, she, the radio) | The radio was invented more than a hundred years ago. |
| were + participle | više stvari (they, the first cars) | The first cars were built by hand. |
| wasn't / weren't + participle | odrična rečenica | The light bulb wasn't invented by one person. |
| Was / Were + subject + participle? | pitanje | Was the telephone invented in America? |
| ... + by + the doer | ko je to uradio | The light bulb was improved by Edison. |
Odrične rečenice i pitanja
Sve je kao kod was/were bez pasiva. Odrična rečenica dodaje not posle was/were (obično wasn't / weren't). U pitanju Was/Were ide ispred subjekta: Was the radio invented in Italy? Were the first planes made of wood? Nema did. Kratki odgovori ponavljaju was ili were: Yes, it was. / No, they weren't. Posle when, where ili who red je isti: When was the internet invented?
Ko je to uradio: by
Srpski ovde često uopšte ne koristi pasiv, nego samo stavi predmet napred: Penicilin je otkrio Fleming. Engleski to ne može, jer je ono što stoji ispred glagola uvek onaj ko radi. Penicillin discovered Fleming bi značilo da je penicilin otkrio Fleminga. Zato se kaže pasiv + by + vršilac: Penicillin was discovered by Fleming. The first planes were flown by the Wright brothers. By je ovde sasvim običan, nije krut i službeni kao naše od strane. Kad vršilac nije poznat ili nije važan, by se izostavlja: The bridge was built a long time ago.
Pazite na srpsko je. Kažemo Telefon je izmišljen..., oblikom koji liči na sadašnje vreme, iako se radnja desila davno. To je ne prevodite kao is: za ono što se desilo u prošlosti engleski traži was/were. Isto važi za nije otkriven, što je wasn't discovered. Ne dodajte ni did: kaže se Was it invented in China?, ne Did it invented, i It wasn't discovered, ne It didn't discovered. Ne ispuštajte nastavak participa: was invented, nikad was invent.
Proveri znanje
5 od 13 pitanja koja ova lekcija postavlja u aplikaciji. Upiši oblik ili izaberi odgovor.
The dishwasher(be) invented by a woman.
The first trains(be) pulled by steam engines.
The bridge ___ a long time ago.
Radium ___ by a scientist from Poland.
These phones ___ in California ten years ago.
Primeri iz kursa
Označena je reč na koju se pravilo odnosi. Pritisni dugme za reprodukciju da čuješ rečenicu.
Penicillin was discovered by Fleming.
Penicilin je otkrio Fleming.
When was the microscope invented?
Kada je izmišljen mikroskop?
Was the telephone invented in America?
Da li je telefon izmišljen u Americi?
Were these tools used by farmers?
Da li su ove alate koristili farmeri?
The phone was made in China.
Telefon je napravljen u Kini.
Electricity wasn't discovered by one scientist.
Elektricitet nije otkrio jedan naučnik.
The early photos weren't printed in color.
Rane fotografije nisu štampane u boji.
Many important discoveries were made by accident.
Mnoga važna otkrića su napravljena slučajno.
The light bulb was improved by Edison.
Sijalicu je poboljšao Edison.
Were the first bicycles made of wood?
Da li su prvi bicikli napravljeni od drveta?
Rečenica sa ovim pravilom u kursu: 44
Probaj i ti
Prevedi rečenicu sa ovim pravilom. Kao i u aplikaciji, provera će označiti reč u kojoj je greška i reći koje pravilo je prekršeno.
Rečenice
Napiši na engleskom
Penicilin je otkrio Fleming.
pasiv sa by