have to — obaveza (morati)
Ukratko
| I / you / we / they | he / she / it | |
|---|---|---|
| + | have to go | has to go |
| − | don't have to go | doesn't have to go |
| ? | Do you have to go? | Does she have to go? |
| prošlost | had to go · didn't have to go · Did you have to go? |
don't have to = ne moraš (nije potrebno). mustn't = ne smeš (nije dozvoljeno).
A2 · Lekcija 18 · have to i don't have to
Detaljno objašnjenje iz lekcije u kojoj se ovo pravilo uči
Već znaš must: You must wear a uniform. Engleski ima još jedan način da kaže „morati”: have to + osnovni oblik glagola. I have to wear a uniform. Oba se prevode sa morati, ali have to se najčešće koristi kad obaveza dolazi spolja — od škole, nastavnika, šefa, zakona. We have to be at school at eight (jer tako kaže škola).
have to se menja po licu
must se nikad ne menja. have to se ponaša kao običan glagol — slično našem moram / mora: posle he, she, it ili imena jedne osobe, have postaje has. to i osnovni oblik posle njega se nikad ne menjaju.
| Lice | Potvrdni oblik | Primer |
|---|---|---|
| I / you / we / they | have to + osnovni oblik | We have to wear a uniform. |
| he / she / it | has to + osnovni oblik | She has to finish her homework. |
Odrični oblik i pitanje prave se sa do
Za razliku od must, have to ne pravi odrični oblik i pitanje sam, već pomoću do / does, tačno kao u prezentu (present simple) — nema haven't to ni Have you to...?. Nastavak -s prelazi na does, pa posle doesn't i Does ide have to, nikad has to.
| I / you / we / they | he / she / it | |
|---|---|---|
| Odrično | don't have to | doesn't have to |
| Pitanje | Do you have to ...? | Does she have to ...? |
| Kratak odgovor | Yes, I do. / No, I don't. | Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. |
Kaže se He doesn't have to come i Does he have to come? — ne doesn't has to, ne Does he has to. Upitne reči rade isto: What time do we have to arrive?
Zamka: ne moraš ≠ mustn't
U potvrdnom obliku must i have to znače skoro isto. U odričnom znače nešto potpuno različito — i srpski tu pravi istu razliku, samo drugim glagolima: ne moraš = don't have to, ne smeš = mustn't.
| Oblik | Značenje | Primer |
|---|---|---|
| mustn't | NIJE dozvoljeno. Nemoj to da radiš! (= ne smeš) | You mustn't use your phone in the exam. |
| don't have to | Nije potrebno. Možeš ako hoćeš, ali niko te ne tera. (= ne moraš) | You don't have to wear a tie. (A tie is fine, but it is not a rule.) |
Pošto si must naučio kao „morati”, lako je ne moraš pretvoriti u mustn't — i reći suprotno od onoga što misliš. Pitaj se: da li je zabranjeno ili samo nije potrebno? Zabranjeno (ne smeš) → mustn't. Nije potrebno, tvoj izbor (ne moraš) → don't have to / doesn't have to. We don't have to go to school on Saturday znači da smemo da ostanemo kod kuće — ne da je škola zabranjena.
Prošlost: had to
must nema prošli oblik, pa se morao sam / morala je / morali su kaže had to, isto za sva lica: I had to, she had to, they had to. Odrični oblik i pitanje idu sa did, kao u prošlom vremenu (past simple), a posle did se vraća osnovni oblik have.
| Prošlost | Primer | |
|---|---|---|
| Potvrdno | had to | Yesterday I had to stay after school. |
| Odrično | didn't have to | We didn't have to take an exam last year. |
| Pitanje | Did ... have to ...? | Did you have to wear a uniform at your old school? |
Posle didn't i Did ide have to, ne had to: Did you have to wait? — nikad Did you had to wait?
Proveri znanje
6 od 15 pitanja koja ova lekcija postavlja u aplikaciji. Upiši oblik ili izaberi odgovor.
In our school, students ___ wear a blazer.
I ___ get up at six on school days.
Every morning my sister ___ to catch the bus at seven.
Our teacher(have) to mark sixty tests every week.
Last year we(have) to walk to school.
My dad(have) to work late yesterday.
Primeri iz kursa
Označena je reč na koju se pravilo odnosi. Pritisni dugme za reprodukciju da čuješ rečenicu.
She has to finish her homework.
Ona mora da završi domaći.
We have to wear a uniform.
Moramo da nosimo uniformu.
You don't have to wear a tie.
Ne moraš da nosiš kravatu.
What time do we have to arrive?
U koliko sati moramo da stignemo?
Teachers have to check attendance every morning.
Nastavnici moraju da proveravaju prisustvo svakog jutra.
Yesterday I had to stay after school.
Juče sam morao da ostanem posle nastave.
Our head teacher has to sign every certificate.
Naš direktor škole mora da potpiše svaki sertifikat.
In the gym we have to wear trainers.
U sali za fizičko moramo da nosimo patike.
We didn't have to take an exam last year.
Prošle godine nismo morali da polažemo ispit.
We don't have to go to school on Saturday.
Ne moramo da idemo u školu subotom.
Rečenica sa ovim pravilom u kursu: 70
Probaj i ti
Prevedi rečenicu sa ovim pravilom. Kao i u aplikaciji, provera će označiti reč u kojoj je greška i reći koje pravilo je prekršeno.
Rečenice
Napiši na engleskom
Juče sam morao da ostanem posle nastave.